From Black Bile to the Bipolar Spectrum: A Historical Review of the Bipolar Affective Disorder Concept
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چکیده
Citation: Thomas J, Grey I (2016) From Black Bile to the Bipolar Spectrum: A Historical Review of the Bipolar Affective Disorder Concept. Arch Depress Anxiety 2(1): 010-015. DOI: 10.17352/2455-5460.000008 010 a common origin in excessive ‘black bile’ [7,8]. Furthermore, he connected the concepts, viewing them –mania and melancholia as different aspects of the same illness with mania conceptualized as being an end stage of melancholia [4,5,8]. In his “On Etiology and Symptomatology of Chronic Illnesses”, Arataeus writes:
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